प / pa
Spelling
- Draw an u-shaped line from the top left to the top right, followed directly by a vertical line down.
- Draw the horizontal line from left to right over the letter.
Pronunciation
- an unvoiced pa as in Papier
- labial (at the lips) place of articulation
फ / pha
Spelling
- Draw the following line without stopping: an u-shaped line from the top left to the centre top, followed by a vertical line down and a clockwise bow starting at the centre down to the bottom right.
- Draw the horizontal line from left to right over the letter.
Pronunciation
- an unvoiced, aspirated pha as in Pavillon
- labial (at the lips) place of articulation
ब / ba
Spelling
- Draw the following line without stopping: an anticlockwise circle starting at the centre, followed by a vertical line up and then a vertical line down.
- Start at the top left of the circle and, within the circle, draw a line towards the bottom right.
- Draw the horizontal line from left to right over the letter.
Pronunciation
- a voiced ba as in Bach
- labial (at the lips) place of articulation
भ / bha
Spelling
- Start at the top left and draw a clockwise loop until you reach the vertical, then a second clockwise loop ending in a horizontal line to the right.
- Draw a vertical line from top to bottom through the endpoint of the horizontal line.
- Draw the horizontal line from left to right over the right half of the letter.
Pronunciation
- a voiced, aspirated bha as in the Sanskrit Bhagavad Gītā
- labial (at the lips) place of articulation
म / ma
Spelling
- Draw a vertical line from the top left to the centre, followed by a clockwise loop ending in a horizontal line.
- Draw a vertical line from top to bottom through the endpoint of the horizontal line.
- Draw the horizontal line from left to right over the letter.
Pronunciation
- a nasal ma as in Mandel
- labial (at the lips) place of articulation